
Semaglutide is a potent, once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) that effectively reduces HbA1c levels, body weight, and systolic blood pressure. Although highly efficacious, its use is associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal side effects. Ongoing post-approval pharmacovigilance studies continue to evaluate its potential links to pancreatitis and retinopathy. Belonging to the GLP-1 RA class, semaglutide mimics the action of the naturally occurring GLP-1 hormone released from the gut after food intake. This hormone stimulates insulin secretion, thereby lowering blood glucose levels, and has been used for over fifteen years in the management of type 2 diabetes. In addition to regulating glucose metabolism, elevated GLP-1 activity influences brain regions responsible for appetite control and satiety. When administered alongside a healthy diet and regular physical activity, semaglutide can promote substantial weight loss and lower the risk of obesity-related conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain cancers.